International Energy Agency: pombi yekupisa inogona kusangana ne90% yezvinodiwa zvekupisa kwepasirese, uye kuburitsa kwayo kabhoni kwakadzikira kupfuura kwechoto chegasi (Chikamu 2)

Kuitwa kwemwaka wepombi yekupisa kwakagadziridzwa zvishoma nezvishoma

Kune yakawanda nzvimbo yekudziya maapplication, yakajairika mwaka wekuita coefficient yepombi yekupisa (avhareji yegore rekushanda kwesimba index, COP) yakawedzera zvishoma kusvika kunosvika mana kubva 2010.

Zvakajairika kuti mupurisa wepombi yekupisa asvike 4.5 kana kupfuura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakapfava dzakadai sedunhu reMediterranean uye nechepakati nekumaodzanyemba kweChina. Kusiyana neizvi, munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya sekuchamhembe kweCanada, tembiricha yakaderera yekunze inoderedza kushanda kwesimba kweazvino matekinoroji kusvika paavhareji ye3-3.5 munguva yechando.

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, shanduko kubva kune isina inverter kuenda kune inverter tekinoroji yakavandudza kushanda zvakanaka. Nhasi, tekinoroji yekushandura tekinoroji inodzivirira yakawanda yekurasikirwa kwesimba kunokonzerwa nekumira uye kutanga kwetekinoroji yekushandura tekinoroji, uye inoderedza kukwira kwekushisa kwe compressor.

Mitemo, zviyero uye zvinyorwa, pamwe nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, zvakafambisa kuvandudzwa kwepasirese. Semuyenzaniso, mushure mekunge hushoma hwesimba rekushandisa hwakasimudzwa kaviri, avhareji yemwaka wekuita coefficient yemapombi ekupisa anotengeswa muUnited States akawedzera ne13% uye 8% zvakateerana muna 2006 na2015.

Pamusoro pekumwe kuvandudzwa kweiyo dhizaini yekumanikidza kutenderera (semuenzaniso kuburikidza neanotevera-chizvarwa zvikamu), kana iwe uchida kuwedzera mwaka wekuita coefficient yepombi yekupisa kusvika 4.5-5.5 panosvika 2030, iwe unozoda masisitimu anotariswa mhinduro (kukwidziridza simba. kushandiswa kwechivako chose) uye kushandiswa kwemafiriji ane simba rakaderera kana kuti zero pasi rose.

Kuenzaniswa negasi-anobatisa condensing boilers, mapombi ekupisa anogona kusangana ne90% yepasi rose kupisa kudiwa uye kuve nekabhoni yakaderera.

Kunyange zvazvo mapombi ekupisa emagetsi achiri kuverengera kwete kupfuura 5% yepasi rose kupisa kwekuvaka, anogona kupa zvinopfuura 90% yepasi rose kupisa kwekuvaka munguva refu uye ane yakaderera carbon dioxide emissions. Kunyangwe tichifunga nezvekukwira kwekabhoni kusimba kwemagetsi, mapombi ekupisa anoburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi shoma pane condensing gas-fired boiler technology (inowanzo shanda pa92-95%).

Kubva 2010, tichivimba nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwesimba repombi yekupisa uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwakachena, mukana wekuvhara wepombi yekupisa wakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya ne50%!

Kubva 2015, mutemo uyu wakamhanyisa kushandiswa kwepombi yekupisa

MuChina, rubatsiro pasi pechirongwa chekugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo inobatsira kudzikisa mutengo wekutanga kuisirwa uye michina. Muna Kukadzi 2017, Bazi rezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza reChina rakatanga rubatsiro rwepombi yekupisa kwemhepo mumatunhu akasiyana eChina (semuenzaniso, RMB 24000-29000 pamhuri muBeijing, Tianjin uye Shanxi). Japan ine hurongwa hwakafanana kuburikidza nehurongwa hwayo hwekuchengetedza simba.

Zvimwe zvirongwa ndezvakananga pasi sosi kupisa pombi. MuBeijing uye muUnited States yose, 30% yemari yekutanga yekudyara inotakurwa nehurumende. Kuti tibatsire kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuendesa 700 miriyoni yemamita epasi pombi yekupisa, China yakaronga rubatsiro rwekuwedzera (35 yuan / m kusvika 70 yuan / M) kune mamwe minda, seJilin, Chongqing neNanjing.

United States inoda zvigadzirwa kuratidza mwaka wekuita coefficient yekudziya uye kushoma kwesimba chiyero chepombi yekupisa. Iyi Performance-Based Incentive system inogona kuvandudza zvisina kunanga mashandiro emangwana nekukurudzira kusanganiswa kwepombi yekupisa uye photovoltaic mune yekuzvishandisa modhi. Naizvozvo, pombi yekupisa ichapedza zvakananga simba rakasvibirira rinogadzirwa munharaunda uye kuderedza mambure emagetsi emagetsi eruzhinji.

Pamusoro pezviyero zvinosungirwa, iyo yeEuropean nzvimbo yekudziya yekushanda label inoshandisa chiyero chakafanana chepombi yekupisa (inenge Giredhi A +) uye fossil mafuta boiler (kusvika giredhi A), kuitira kuti kuita kwavo kuenzaniswe zvakananga.

Mukuwedzera, muChina neEU, simba rinoshandiswa nemapombi ekupisa rinorongedzerwa sesimba rinopisa rinopisa, kuitira kuti riwane zvimwe zvinokurudzira, zvakadai sekubhadhara mutero.

Canada iri kufunga zvinosungirwa kudiwa kwechinhu chinoshanda chakakura kupfuura 1 (yakaenzana ne100% mashandiro emidziyo) yesimba rekuita kwese tekinoroji yekudziya muna 2030, izvo zvinonyatso kurambidza ese echinyakare-anobatisa marasha, anopisa mafuta uye gasi anopisa. .

Deredza zvipingamupinyi pakugamuchirwa mumisika mikuru, kunyanya yekuvandudza misika

Pakazosvika 2030, chikamu chekupisa kwekugara chinopihwa nemapombi ekupisa kwepasi rose kunofanirwa kupetwa katatu. Naizvozvo, marongero anofanirwa kugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zvekusarudza, zvinosanganisira mitengo yakakwira yekutenga kwekutanga, mari yekushandisa uye matambudziko enhaka ematura ekuvaka aripo.

Mumisika mizhinji, mari inogona kuchengetwa mukuiswa kwepombi yekupisa inoenderana nekushandiswa kwesimba (somuenzaniso, kana uchichinja kubva kune gasi-kupisa boilers kuenda kune emagetsi pombi) kazhinji zvinoreva kuti pombi dzekupisa dzinogona kungodhura zvishoma mumakore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri, kunyangwe. kana vane simba rakanyanya kushanda.

Kubva 2015, rubatsiro rwakaratidza kushanda mukudzikamisa mitengo yepamberi yemapombi ekupisa, kutanga kusimudzira musika uye kukurumidza kushanda kwavo muzvivakwa zvitsva. Kukanzura iyi rutsigiro rwemari kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kufarirwa kwemapombi ekupisa, kunyanya pasi sosi kupisa pombi.

Kugadziridza nekutsiviwa kwemidziyo yekudziya kunogonawo kuve chikamu chegwaro remitemo, sezvo kukurumidza kuendeswa muzvivakwa zvitsva chete hakuzokwanirise kupeta katatu kutengesa kwekugara panosvika 2030. mari yekuisa yepombi yekupisa, inogona kuverengera inosvika makumi matatu muzana yemutengo wekudyara wemhepo sosi yekupisa pombi uye inotora 65-85% yemutengo wekudyara wepombi yepombi.

Iko kupisa kwepombi yekuendesa kunofanirwa zvakare kufanotaura simba rekugadzirisa system inodiwa kusangana neSDS. Semuenzaniso, sarudzo yekubatanidza kune-saiti solar photovoltaic mapaneru uye kutora chikamu mumisika yekupindura inodiwa ichaita kuti kupisa kwepombi kuwedzere kutaridzika.